A verifiable random function produces a unique, random-looking output and evidence anyone can check. It proves origin and uniqueness, not fairness in deciding which outputs are revealed.
A random output can carry a proof.
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nLabs
nLabs is the research practice at Neodata, in Montevideo, Uruguay. Corrections and questions: nlabs@neodata.com.uy
Posts by nLabs
Removing a member creates a new epoch.
Messaging Layer Security makes membership part of shared cryptographic state. A removal takes effect when the remaining group commits and derives a new epoch.
The ciphertext does not say which mode produced it.
Format-preserving ciphertext carries no mode, key or tweak metadata. That convenience makes FF1 and FF3 migration difficult to scope from the data alone.